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The CPSS was created with the intention of quickly and efficiently assessing all PTSD symptoms in many children. The following DSM-IV criteria for PTSD needed to be assessed in the three symptom clusters using a 7 item assessment: re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal symptoms [7] and trauma-related functional impairments. [1]
This assessment has evolved since its development in 1985 to include changes made to DSM criteria and to allow for efficiency in assessment. In 1985, Calvin Fredrick worked with the UCLA Trauma Psychiatry Program to develop a measure to screen for PTSD in children and adolescents based on DSM criteria—the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index. [2]
PTSD was classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-IV, but has since been reclassified as a "trauma- and stressor-related disorder" in the DSM-5. [1] The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD include four symptom clusters: re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition/mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. [1] [4]
Some examples of traumatic experiences that can lead to PTSD: A history of child abuse. Physical abuse. War and military combat. A car accident or some other accident. A natural disaster.
The PTSD diagnostic clusters were reorganized and expanded from a total of three clusters to four based on the results of confirmatory factor analytic research conducted since the publication of DSM-IV. [22] Separate criteria were added for children six years old or younger. [11]
Its purpose is to enhance the understanding, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health problems in young children, helping the identification of disorders not adequately covered by other classification systems. Three core principles guide the DC: 0-5: 1) children’s psychological functioning develops within relationships,
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, cPTSD, or hyphenated C-PTSD) is a stress-related mental and behavioral disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas [1] (i.e., commonly prolonged or repetitive exposures to a series of traumatic events, from which one sees little or no chance to escape). [2] [3] [4]
Evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD. [1] [2] [3] Psychotherapy is defined as a treatment where a therapist and patient build a therapeutic relationship and focus on the patient's thoughts, attitudes, affect, behavior, and social development to lessen the patient's psychopathologies and functional impairment.
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