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The esophagus is innervated by the vagus nerve and the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk. [6] The vagus nerve has a parasympathetic function, supplying the muscles of the esophagus and stimulating glandular contraction. Two sets of nerve fibers travel in the vagus nerve to supply the muscles.
The esophageal gland or oesophageal pouch is a part of the digestive system of some gastropods.The esophageal gland or pouch is a common feature in so-called basal gastropod clades, including Patelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Cocculiniformia, Neritimorpha and Neomphalina.
The esophagus has a mucous membrane and the epithelium which has a protective function is continuously replaced due to the volume of food that passes inside the esophagus. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus.
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus.The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Achalasia is a motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by decrease in ganglion cell density in the myenteric plexus. The cause of the lesion is unknown. [11] Myenteric plexi destruction has been found to be secondary to Chagas disease (T. cruzi infection sequelae). Destruction occurs in the esophagus, intestines, and ureters.
The vagus nerve delivers two fiber types to the esophageal plexus: . Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers - These fibers have their cell bodies located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and they will synapse on the terminal ganglia in the walls of the esophagus.
The stomach is located between the esophagus and the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of partially digested food ( chyme ) from the stomach into the duodenum , the first and shortest part of the small intestine, where peristalsis takes over to move this through the rest of the intestines.
Abnormalities of the esophagus may lead to esophageal dysphagia. The failure of the lower esophagus sphincter to respond properly to swallowing is called achalasia. M-Type Swallowing With practice, people can learn to swallow fluidly without closing the mouth by merely manipulating the tongue and jaw to drive fluids or foods down the esophagus.