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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century chivalric romance in Middle English alliterative verse.The author is unknown; the title was given centuries later. It is one of the best-known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folk motifs: the beheading game and the exchange of winnings.
Sir Kay l'Estrange (different than Kay le Seneschal) Sir Lambegus; Sir Lamiel; Sir Lavain (son of Barnard of Ascolat) Sir Lovell (another son of Gawain by Sir Brandiles' sister) Sir Mador de la Porte (brother of Gaheris of Karahau) Sir Marrok (whose wife turned him into a werewolf, see also Melion) Sir Melias de Lile; Sir Melion of the Mountain
Gauvain's attributed arms. Gawain is known by different names and variants in different languages. The character corresponds to the Welsh Gwalchmei ap Gwyar (meaning "son of Gwyar"), or Gwalchmai, and throughout the Middle Ages was known in Latin as Galvaginus, Gualgunus (Gualguanus, Gualguinus), Gualgwinus, Walwanus (Walwanius), Waluanus, Walwen, etc.; in Old French (and sometimes English ...
King of the White Mountain and nephew of Escanor the large, Gawain defeated him in combat after Escanor tried to abduct Sir Girflct. Escanor the Large Atre, Girart Son of a giant and a witch, brother of Alienor, and uncle of Escanor the Handsome, he shared Gawain's power by which his strength waxed and waned with the sun. Esclabor†
Over time, the meaning of chivalry in Europe has been refined to emphasize more general social and moral virtues. The code of chivalry, as it stood by the Late Middle Ages , was a moral system which combined a warrior ethos , knightly piety , and courtly manners , all combining to establish a notion of honour and nobility .
Perhaps the best-known and most developed iteration of the beheading game in medieval romance, however, is the late 14th century poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. [30] [31] The anonymous Gawain-poet combines the beheading game with another type of exchange, the temptation. [32]
Lady Bertilak (or Lady Hautdesert) are names given by some modern critics to a character in the medieval poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (14th century), though the poem itself only ever calls her "the lady". [1] She is ordered by her husband, Sir Bertilak de Hautdesert, alias the Green Knight, to test Sir Gawain's purity.
Cleanness (Middle English: Clannesse) is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the Pearl poet or Gawain poet, also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, and Patience, and may have also composed St. Erkenwald.