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For example, the festival of Lykaia was celebrated in Arcadia in Greece, which was dedicated to the pastoral god Pan. Like the other Panhellenic Games, the ancient Olympic Games were a religious festival, held at the sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia. Other festivals centered on Greek theatre, of which the Dionysia in Athens was the most important ...
The School of Athens by Raphael (1509–1510), fresco at the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. Plato (428/427 or 424/423 – 348 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period. In Athens, Plato founded the Academy, a philosophical school where he taught the philosophical doctrines that would later become known as ...
For Constant, freedom in the sense of the Ancients "consisted of the active and constant participation in the collective power" and consisted in "exercising, collectively, but directly, several parts of the whole sovereignty" and, except in Athens, they thought that this vision of liberty was compatible with "the complete subjection of the individual to the authority of the whole". [1]
The name of Athens, connected to the name of its patron goddess Athena, originates from an earlier Pre-Greek language. [1] The origin myth explaining how Athens acquired this name through the legendary contest between Poseidon and Athena was described by Herodotus, [2] Apollodorus, [3] Ovid, Plutarch, [4] Pausanias and others.
Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a common cultural identity. The word τραγῳδία ( tragoidia ), from which the word " tragedy " is derived, is a compound of two Greek words: τράγος ( tragos ) or "goat" and ᾠδή ( ode ) meaning "song", from ἀείδειν ( aeidein ), "to sing ...
Athens was a center of learning, with sophists and philosophers traveling from across Greece to teach rhetoric, astronomy, cosmology, and geometry. While philosophy was an established pursuit prior to Socrates, Cicero credits him as "the first who brought philosophy down from the heavens, placed it in cities, introduced it into families, and ...
A democratic Athens with an imperial policy will spread the desire for democracy outside of the polis. The democratic government depends on the control of resources, which requires military power and material exploitation. The values of freedom of equality include non-citizens more than it should.
Epicureanism bases its ethics on a hedonistic set of values, seeing pleasure as the chief good in life. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] Hence, Epicurus advocated living in such a way as to derive the greatest amount of pleasure possible during one's lifetime, yet doing so moderately in order to avoid the suffering incurred by overindulgence in such pleasure. [ 47 ]