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  2. dd (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dd_(Unix)

    dd is a command-line utility for Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems and beyond, the primary purpose of which is to convert and copy files. [1] On Unix, device drivers for hardware (such as hard disk drives) and special device files (such as /dev/zero and /dev/random) appear in the file system just like normal files; dd can also read and/or write from/to these files ...

  3. List of file signatures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures

    SCSU byte order mark for text [31] [30] DD 73 66 73: Ýsfs: 0 UTF-EBCDIC byte order mark for text [31] [30] FE ED FA CE: þíúÎ: 0 0x1000 Mach-O binary (32-bit) FE ED FA CF: þíúÏ: 0 0x1000 Mach-O binary (64-bit) FE ED FE ED: þíþí: 0 JKS Javakey Store [32] CE FA ED FE: Îúíþ: 0 Mach-O binary (reverse byte ordering scheme, 32-bit ...

  4. Byte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte

    The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer [1] [2] and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures.

  5. Byte order mark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark

    In UTF-16, a BOM (U+FEFF) may be placed as the first bytes of a file or character stream to indicate the endianness (byte order) of all the 16-bit code units of the file or stream. If an attempt is made to read this stream with the wrong endianness, the bytes will be swapped, thus delivering the character U+FFFE , which is defined by Unicode as ...

  6. List of GNU Core Utilities commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities...

    Checksums (IEEE Ethernet CRC-32) and count the bytes in a file. Supersedes other *sum utilities with -a option from version 9.0. comm: Compares two sorted files line by line csplit: Splits a file into sections determined by context lines cut: Removes sections from each line of files expand: Converts tabs to spaces fmt: Simple optimal text ...

  7. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

    Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text ...

  8. Null character - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_character

    In most encodings, this is translated to a single code unit with a zero value. For instance, in UTF-8 it is a single zero byte. However, in Modified UTF-8 the null character is encoded as two bytes : 0xC0,0x80. This allows the byte with the value of zero, which is not used for any character, to be used as a string terminator.

  9. List of Unicode characters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters

    4 Line feed is used for "end of line" in text files on Unix / Linux systems. 5 Carriage Return (accompanied by line feed) is used as "end of line" character by Windows, DOS, and most minicomputers other than Unix- / Linux-based systems 6 Control-O has been the "discard output" key. Output is not sent to the terminal, but discarded, until ...