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In 1 Samuel 24:20–21, Saul himself predicts the rise of David to the throne, and the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel through David's hand. Saul asks David to swear an oath that he will not eliminate Saul's descendants or wipe out Saul's name "from the house of my father".
The Gibeonites told King David that nothing would now compensate them but the death of seven of Saul's sons (2 Samuel 21:1–6). David accordingly handed them Armoni, Mephibosheth [the son of Saul, not to be confused with Mephibosheth, who was the son of Jonathan], and five of Saul's grandsons (the sons of Merab and Adriel).
He is called Mephibosheth, meaning "from the mouth of shame", in the Books of Samuel while the Books of Chronicles (8:34 and 9:40) call him Meribbaal. [9] Arnold Gottfried Betz and David Noel Freedman argue that Memphibaal, a name preserved in the Lucianic recension may actually be the original name of Jonathan's son, while Meribbaal may originally refer to one of Saul's sons.
Saul (/ s ɔː l /; Hebrew: שָׁאוּל , Šāʾūl; Greek: Σαούλ, Saoúl; transl. "asked/prayed for") was a monarch of ancient Israel and Judah and, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament, the first king of the United Monarchy, a polity of uncertain historicity.
This section focuses on the genealogy of Saul, [10] nearly identical to the list in 1 Chronicles 9:35–44. [14] Although the royal throne was occupied by David's line, the descendants of Saul was apparently still considered important, as the list continues to the ten generation after Saul's death (1 Chronicles 10) into the 8th century BCE. [14]
In the biblical narrative, he is the eldest son of King Saul of the Kingdom of Israel, and a close friend of David. He is described as having great strength and swiftness ( 2 Samuel 1:23 ) and excelling in archery ( 1 Samuel 20:20 , 2 Samuel 1:22 ) and slinging ( 1 Chronicles 12:2 ).
After the death of Saul, the Bible records all the tribes other than Judah remained loyal to the House of Saul. After the death of Ishbosheth, Saul's son and successor to the throne of Israel, the Tribe of Ephraim joined the other northern Israelite tribes in making David, who was then the king of Judah, the king of a reunited Kingdom of Israel.
The Tel Dan Stele mentions the death of the reigning king from "BYTDWD", [6] (interpreted as "House of David") and thus far is the only extrabiblical explicit mention of David himself. The stele is dated to circa 840 BCE; however, the name of the Davidic king is not totally preserved, as much of the stele has not survived since the 9th century BCE.