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Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), also known as feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS), twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS) and stuck twin syndrome, is a complication of monochorionic multiple pregnancies (the most common form of identical twin pregnancy) in which there is disproportionate blood supply between the fetuses.
Polyhydramnios is a medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.It is seen in about 1% of pregnancies. [1] [2] [3] It is typically diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is greater than 24 cm. [4] [5] There are two clinical varieties of polyhydramnios: chronic polyhydramnios where excess amniotic fluid accumulates gradually, and acute polyhydramnios ...
Mild symptoms include abdominal bloating and feeling of fullness, nausea, diarrhea, and slight weight gain. Moderate symptoms include weight gain greater than 1 kg (2.2 lb) per day, increased abdominal girth, vomiting, diarrhea, darker urine, decreased urine output, excessive thirst, and skin and/or hair feeling dry (in addition to mild symptoms).
If you're experiencing the first symptoms of pregnancy or wondering when pregnancy symptoms start, you can look forward to week 13, or the start of the second trimester, when early pregnancy ...
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While vomiting in pregnancy has been described as early as 2,000 BCE, the first clear medical description of HG was in 1852, by Paul Antoine Dubois. [12] HG is estimated to affect 0.3–2.0% of pregnant women, although some sources say the figure can be as high as 3%.
Spiegel and Chey co-authored a 2022 study, which found that almost 1 in 7 Americans said they’d experienced bloating in the prior week, but Spiegel said there is not good data on trends over time.
If more severe, it may be diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Constipation – Constipation occurs in 11–38% of pregnant women. [28] Constipation during pregnancy is thought to be due to decreased smooth muscle motility in the bowel caused by normal increases in progesterone. [29]