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Samuel Crompton (3 December 1753 – 26 June 1827) was an English inventor and pioneer of the spinning industry. [1] Building on the work of James Hargreaves and Richard Arkwright , he invented the spinning mule , a machine that revolutionised the industry worldwide.
An early spinning mule: showing the gearing in the headstock. Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule in 1779, so called because it is a hybrid of Arkwright's water frame and James Hargreaves's spinning jenny in the same way that a mule is the product of crossbreeding a female horse with a male donkey.
A fully restored & working mule at the Quarry Bank Mill, UK. The spinning mule or mule jenny was created in 1779 by Samuel Crompton. It was a combination of Arkwright's water frame and Hargreaves' spinning jenny. It was so named because it was a hybrid of these two machines.
The accepted story is that Samuel Crompton of Bolton invented the spinning mule, which was a cross between the spinning jenny and the water frame, using the moving-carriage principle and the spindle-winding system of the earlier machine with the drafting rollers of the later one. Crompton claimed he had no knowledge of Arkwright's rollers and ...
Samuel Crompton of Bolton combined elements of the spinning jenny and water frame in 1779, creating the spinning mule. This mule produced a stronger thread than the water frame could. Thus in 1780, there were two viable hand-operated spinning systems that could be easily adapted to run by power of water. [15]
Both men had formed their businesses using the spinning mule developed by Samuel Crompton. They mainly produced yarns for commercial knitting machines. They mainly produced yarns for commercial knitting machines.
When Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule in c.1779, he stated he had learned to spin in 1769 on a jenny that Hargreaves had built. [6] Hargreaves was one of three men responsible for the mechanisation of spinning.
1779 – Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule. 1784 – Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom. 1791 – The Englishman Dawson solves the mechanization of the warp knitting machine. 1793 – Samuel Slater of Belper establishes the first successful cotton spinning mill in the United States, at Pawtucket; beginnings of the "Rhode Island ...