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2. Geographic information system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Information_System

   The distinction must be made between a singular geographic information system, which is a single installation of software and data for a particular use, along with associated hardware, staff, and institutions (e.g., the GIS for a particular city government); and GIS software, a general-purpose application program that is intended to be used in ...

3. Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologically_Integrated...

   The TIGER files do not contain the census demographic data, but merely the geospatial/map data. GIS can be used to merge census demographics or other data sources with the TIGER files to create maps and conduct analysis.

4. GIS in geospatial intelligence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS_in_geospatial_intelligence

   Geographic information systems (GIS) play a constantly evolving role in geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) and United States national security.These technologies allow a user to efficiently manage, analyze, and produce geospatial data, to combine GEOINT with other forms of intelligence collection, and to perform highly developed analysis and visual production of geospatial data.

5. GIS file format - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS_file_format

   A GIS file format is a standard for encoding geographical information into a computer file, as a specialized type of file format for use in geographic information systems (GIS) and other geospatial applications. Since the 1970s, dozens of formats have been created based on various data models for various purposes

6. Geospatial intelligence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatial_intelligence

   Thus, rather than being a peer to the other "INT", geospatial intelligence might better be viewed as the unifying structure of the Earth's natural and constructed features (including elevations and depths)—whether as individual layers in a GIS or as composited into a map or chart, imagery representations of the Earth, AND, the presentation of ...

7. Geoinformatics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoinformatics

   Geoinformatics becomes very important technology to decision-makers across a wide range of disciplines, industries, commercial sector, environmental agencies, local and national government, research, and academia, national survey and mapping organisations, International organisations, United Nations, emergency services, public health and ...

8. Geodatabase (Esri) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodatabase_(Esri)

   A Geodatabase is a proprietary GIS file format developed in the late 1990s by Esri (a GIS software vendor) to represent, store, and organize spatial datasets within a geographic information system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A geodatabase is both a logical data model and the physical implementation of that logical model in several proprietary file formats ...

9. Data model (GIS) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_model_(GIS)

   Because the world is much more complex than can be represented in a computer, all geospatial data are incomplete approximations of the world. [9] Thus, most geospatial data models encode some form of strategy for collecting a finite sample of an often infinite domain, and a structure to organize the sample in such a way as to enable interpolation of the nature of the unsampled portion.