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A high-ranking male mandrill advertises his status with bright facial coloration. [1]In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.
In evolutionary psychology and evolutionary anthropology, dual strategies theory states humans increase their status in social hierarchies using two major strategies known as dominance and prestige. The first and oldest of the two strategies, dominance , is exemplified by the use of force, implied force or other forms of coercion to take social ...
A group-based hierarchy is distinct from an individual-based hierarchy in that the former is based on a socially constructed group such as race, ethnicity, religion, social class and freedoms, linguistic group, etc. while the latter is based on inherited, athletic or leadership ability, high intelligence, artistic abilities, etc. [14]
Gaining dominance, that is becoming the alpha male, results in an "increased testicular volume, reddening of sexual skin on the face and genitalia, and heightened secretion of the sternal cutaneous gland". [13] When a male loses dominance or its alpha status, the reverse happens, although the blue ridges remain brightened.
Studies of male sexual coercion and female resistance in nonhuman primates (for example, chimpanzees [90] [91]) suggest that sexual conflicts of interest underlying the patriarchy precede the emergence of the human species. [92] However, the extent of male power over females varies greatly across different primate species. [92]
Jerry Seinfeld based his Netflix film Unfrosted on the past eras of “dominant masculinity” of the 1960s. “I think it is the key element and that is an agreed-upon hierarchy, which I think is ...
The male role is also reinforced by observing older boys and reactions of authority figures, including parents. The promotion of idealized masculine roles emphasizing toughness, dominance, self-reliance, and the restriction of emotion can begin as early as infancy.
Jerry Seinfeld isn’t alone in pining for ‘dominant masculinity,’ writes historian Nicole Hemmer, and his nostalgia for the past reveals how intertwined comedy and politics truly are.