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  2. Affirmative action in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the...

    President Kennedy stated in Executive Order 10925 that "discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin is contrary to the Constitutional principles and policies of the United States"; that "it is the plain and positive obligation of the United States Government to promote and ensure equal opportunity for all qualified persons ...

  3. Sociology of race and ethnic relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and...

    The sociology of race and ethnic relations is the study of social, political, and economic relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society. This area encompasses the study of systemic racism , like residential segregation and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups.

  4. Executive Order 11246 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_11246

    Established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors Executive Order 11246 , signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 24, 1965, established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors.

  5. Revised Philadelphia Plan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Philadelphia_Plan

    The plan required federal contractors to meet certain goals for the hiring of minority employees by specific dates in order to combat institutionalized discrimination on the part of specific skilled building trades unions. The plan was quickly extended to other cities.

  6. Racial inequality in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the...

    Racial profiling is defined as "any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin, rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity."

  7. Institutional racism in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_racism_in...

    In the Wagner Act of 1935, "blacks were blocked by law from challenging the barriers to entry into the newly protected labor unions and securing the right to collective bargaining." [11] In the National Housing Act of 1939, the property appraisal system tied property value and eligibility for government loans to race.

  8. US appeals court tosses Nasdaq board diversity rules - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/us-appeals-court-tosses-nasdaq...

    By Nate Raymond (Reuters) -A U.S. appeals court on Wednesday ruled that Nasdaq could not impose rules designed to increase diversity in corporate America by requiring companies listed on the ...

  9. Occupational segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_segregation

    The intersectionality of race/ethnicity and gender in occupational segregation means that the two factors build on one another in a complex way to create their own unique sets of issues. Between genders, there are preconceived notions; when gender is further split up by race and ethnicity, stereotypes differ even more. [23]