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Big data ethics, also known simply as data ethics, refers to systemizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct in relation to data, in particular personal data. [1] Since the dawn of the Internet the sheer quantity and quality of data has dramatically increased and is continuing to do so exponentially.
Digital data is also being used to track and monitor people. [6] With the rise of smart cities, the increase in digital and biometric registration are becoming the norm around the world. [6] The concept of "data justice" brings awareness to this phenomenon, and encourages data to be used morally and ethically by establishing rules of law. [6]
Critical data studies is the exploration of and engagement with social, cultural, and ethical challenges that arise when working with big data. It is through various unique perspectives and taking a critical approach that this form of study can be practiced. [1]
The term big data has been in use since the 1990s, with some giving credit to John Mashey for popularizing the term. [22] [23] Big data usually includes data sets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, curate, manage, and process data within a tolerable elapsed time.
The human-driven data economy is a fair and functioning data economy in which data is controlled and used fairly and ethically in a human-oriented manner. [8] [9] The human-driven data economy is linked to the MyData Movement and is a human-centered approach to personal data management. [10]
The book received widespread praise for elucidating the consequences of reliance on big data models for structuring socioeconomic resources. Clay Shirky from The New York Times Book Review said "O'Neil does a masterly job explaining the pervasiveness and risks of the algorithms that regulate our lives," while pointing out that "the section on solutions is weaker than the illustration of the ...
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In 2016, the term was also adopted in the medical arena. It was used to refer to domain specific 'data spaces', as in Jérôme Béranger's 'Big Data and Ethics: The Medical Datasphere'. [6] Béranger brings to the table the use of digital information and the need to find a balance between confidentiality and transparency. [6]