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invented the Nicol prism, the first device for obtaining plane polarized light Nicol's house, 12 Inverleith Terrace, Edinburgh Memorial to William Nicol, Warriston Cemetery William Nicol FRSE FCS (1768? – 2 September 1851) was a Scottish geologist and physicist who invented the Nicol prism , the first device for obtaining plane-polarized ...
Polarized light microscopy is used extensively in optical mineralogy. Although the invention of the polarizing microscope is typically attributed to David Brewster around 1815, Brewster clearly acknowledges the priority of Henry Fox Talbot, who published his work in 1834. [2] [3]
Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA Scot FSSA MICE (11 December 1781 – 10 February 1868) was a Scottish scientist, inventor, author, and academic administrator. In science he is principally remembered for his experimental work in physical optics, mostly concerned with the study of the polarization of light and including the discovery of Brewster's angle.
Nicol prism at the Mineralogical Collection "Luigi Bombicci Museum" of the University of Bologna, in Bologna Schematic representation of the propagation of light in a Nicol prism showing the splitting of unpolarized light into ordinary and extraordinary polarized rays. A Nicol prism is a type of polarizer.
The company of Carl Zeiss exploited this discovery and becomes the dominant microscope manufacturer of its era. 1928: Edward Hutchinson Synge publishes theory underlying the near-field scanning optical microscope; 1931: Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska start to build the first electron microscope. It is a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
There he invented the first inexpensive filters capable of polarizing light, which he called Polaroid film. He was not associated with an educational institution and lacked the tools of a proper laboratory, making this a difficult endeavor, so he would sneak into a laboratory at Columbia University late at night to use their equipment.
So incident light polarized parallel to the chains is absorbed by the sheet; light polarized perpendicularly to the chains is transmitted. The durability and practicality of Polaroid makes it the most common type of polarizer in use, for example for sunglasses , photographic filters , and liquid crystal displays .
He is credited as one of the first scientists to investigate living things at microscopic scale in 1665, [6] using a compound microscope that he designed. [7] Hooke was an impoverished scientific inquirer in young adulthood who went on to become one of the most important scientists of his time. [ 8 ]