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The conversion of D-glucose-6-phosphate to D-fructose-6-phosphate is catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, an intramolecular oxidoreductase. The overall reaction involves the opening of the ring to form an aldose via acid/base catalysis and the subsequent formation of a cis-endiol intermediate. A ketose is then formed and the ring is ...
The most widely used application of this enzyme is in the conversion of glucose to fructose to produce high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). [8]: 27 There are three general steps in producing HFCS from starch: [9]: 808–813 enzymatic degradation of the starch using α-amylase. Also known as liquification.
Under one percent of ingested fructose is directly converted to plasma triglyceride. [1] 29% - 54% of fructose is converted in liver to glucose, and about a quarter of fructose is converted to lactate. 15% - 18% is converted to glycogen. [2] Glucose and lactate are then used normally as energy to fuel cells all over the body. [1]
The polyol pathway is a two-step process that converts glucose to fructose. [1] In this pathway glucose is reduced to sorbitol, which is subsequently oxidized to fructose. It is also called the sorbitol-aldose reductase pathway. The pathway is implicated in diabetic complications, especially in microvascular damage to the retina, [2] kidney, [3 ...
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alternatively known as phosphoglucose isomerase/phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) or phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), is an enzyme ( EC 5.3.1.9) that in humans is encoded by the GPI gene on chromosome 19. [4] This gene encodes a member of the glucose phosphate isomerase protein family.
Fructose (/ ˈ f r ʌ k t oʊ s,-oʊ z /), or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into the blood of the portal vein during digestion.
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6.It is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, [4] a subcategory of carbohydrates.It is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight.
D-mannose D-fructose. Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, D-mannose, and one product, D-fructose. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-mannose aldose-ketose-isomerase.