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Drumlins occur in various shapes and sizes, [6] including symmetrical (about the long axis), spindle, parabolic forms, and transverse asymmetrical forms. Generally, they are elongated, oval-shaped hills, with a long axis parallel to the orientation of ice flow and with an up-ice (stoss) face that is generally steeper than the down-ice (lee) face.
Drumlins may be composed of stratified or unstratified till ranging in size from sand to boulders. The non-uniformity of drumlin composition is representative of the diverse origin of the sediments. [38] Banding or layering of till may occur in drumlins as till accumulates on the drumlin formation in successive layers. [38]
Kames are sometimes compared to drumlins, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine-grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice ...
Satellite image of kettle lakes in Yamal Peninsula (Northern Siberia), adjacent to the Gulf of Ob (right). The lake colors indicate amounts of sediment or depth. A kettle (also known as a kettle hole, kettlehole, or pothole) is a depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters.
Till plains are also the location in which drumlins, drumlin fields, flutes, and additional moraines form, all composed of glacial till. [4] The material composition of till plains vary greatly, and is dependent on the travel path of the transporting glacier, indicated by the provenance of the deposited material.
Kame deltas form in association with other glacial features such as kettles and eskers. [3] Kettle lakes can form in between kame deltas. Eskers are remnants of old stream sediment flows that are exposed after the glacier has melted. These formations give indication that kame deltas formed during times of glaciation.
The Matterhorn, a classic example of a pyramidal peak.. A pyramidal peak, sometimes called a glacial horn in extreme cases, is an angular, sharply pointed mountain peak which results from the cirque erosion due to multiple glaciers diverging from a central point.
The latest thoughts on Drumlin formation (I'm an Irish geologist, we named them and the best are here in Ireland), they formed towards the end of the last ice age when climate rapidly warmed. The higher temperatures caused the base of glaciers (~1 km thick) to melt and the water generated lubricated the contact between the glacier's base and ...