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Atomic clocks are installed at sites of time signal radio transmitters. [113] They are used at some long-wave and medium-wave broadcasting stations to deliver a very precise carrier frequency. [114] Atomic clocks are used in many scientific disciplines, such as for long-baseline interferometry in radio astronomy. [115]
WWVB's Colorado location makes the signal weakest on the U.S. east coast, where urban density also produces considerable interference. In 2009, NIST raised the possibility of adding a second time code transmitter, on the east coast, to improve signal reception there and provide a certain amount of robustness to the overall system should weather or other causes render one transmitter site ...
A modern LF radio-controlled clock. A radio clock or radio-controlled clock (RCC), and often colloquially (and incorrectly [1]) referred to as an "atomic clock", is a type of quartz clock or watch that is automatically synchronized to a time code transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to a time standard such as an atomic clock.
Most Wave Ceptor watches have a signal strength indicator which shows if the time signal is strong enough to correct the time set. The number of transmitters to which the watches can tune vary according to watch model; most watches can tune to any one of several time signal broadcasts around the world.
The time from an atomic clock onboard each satellite is encoded into the radio signal; the receiver determines how much later it received the signal than it was sent. To do this, a local clock is corrected to the GPS atomic clock time by solving for three dimensions and time based on four or more satellite signals. [11]
Atomic clocks usually have an external PPS output, although internally they may operate at 9,192,631,770 Hz. [3] PPS signals have an accuracy ranging from 12 picoseconds to a few microseconds per second, or 2.0 nanoseconds to a few milliseconds per day based on the resolution and accuracy of the device generating the signal.
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The ALS162 phase-modulated time signal service requires a more complex receiver than the popular German DCF77 amplitude-modulated time signal service, but the much more powerful transmitter (16 times DCF77's 50 kW) gives it a much greater range of 3,500 km. The signal transmission is almost continuous, but there is a regularly scheduled ...