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Sir John Royden Maddox, FRS [1] (27 November 1925 – 12 April 2009) [2] [3] was a Welsh theoretical chemist, physicist, and science writer. He was an editor of Nature for 22 years, [ 4 ] from 1966 to 1973 and 1980 to 1995.
The following dates are approximations. 700 BC: Pythagoras's theorem is discovered by Baudhayana in the Hindu Shulba Sutras in Upanishadic India. [18] However, Indian mathematics, especially North Indian mathematics, generally did not have a tradition of communicating proofs, and it is not fully certain that Baudhayana or Apastamba knew of a proof.
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon FRS (born 2 October 1933) is a British developmental biologist, best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation [2] [3] [4] and cloning. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process. Multiple discovery sometimes occurs when multiple research groups discover the same phenomenon at about the same time, and scientific priority is often disputed. The listings below include some of the most significant people and ideas by date of publication or experiment.
Merton believed that it is multiple discoveries, rather than unique ones, that represent the common pattern in science. [4] Merton contrasted a "multiple" with a "singleton"—a discovery that has been made uniquely by a single scientist or group of scientists working together. [5] The distinction may blur as science becomes increasingly ...
John von Neumann (/ v ɒ n ˈ n ɔɪ m ən / von NOY-mən; Hungarian: Neumann János Lajos [ˈnɒjmɒn ˈjaːnoʃ ˈlɒjoʃ]; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist and engineer.
February 13 Max Perutz publishes the structure of hemoglobin. [4]John Kendrew publishes the structure of myoglobin. [5]March 5 – British marine biologist Sir Alister Hardy announces his aquatic ape hypothesis, theorising that swimming and diving for food exerted a strong evolutionary effect partly responsible for the divergence in the common descent of humans and other great apes.
In 1960, Hess made his single most important contribution, which is regarded as part of the major advance in geologic science of the 20th century. In a widely circulated report to the Office of Naval Research , he advanced the theory, now generally accepted, that the Earth's crust moved laterally away from long, volcanically active oceanic ridges .