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In 1838, Swiss chemists reported the preparation of hydrophobic rubbery materials by the alkylation of sodium polysulfide with 1,2-dichloroethane. [2] In 1926 chemists Joseph C. Patrick and Nathan Mnookin further developed this class of materials, which first achieved commercial success as sealants for fuel lines, exploiting the solvent resistance of these materials.
Because of their solvent resistance, these materials find use as sealants to fill the joints in pavement, automotive window glass, and aircraft structures. Polymers containing one or two sulfur atoms separated by hydrocarbon sequences are usually not classified polysulfides, e.g. poly( p -phenylene) sulfide (C 6 H 4 S) n .
In past decades attempts to protect concrete have included sealers ranging from wax to linseed oil. Today, high quality concrete sealers can block up to 99% of surface moisture. There are two main sealer categories: topical sealers (coatings) and penetrating sealers (reactive).
Sealant is a substance used to block the passage of fluids through openings in materials, [1] a type of mechanical seal. In building construction sealant is sometimes synonymous with caulk (especially if acrylic latex or polyurethane based) [ 2 ] and also serve the purposes of blocking dust, sound and heat transmission.
Caulk (also known as caulking and calking) [1] is a material used to seal joints or seams against leakage in various structures and piping. The oldest form of caulk consisted of fibrous materials driven into the wedge-shaped seams between boards on wooden boats or ships .
Sodium polysulfide is a general term for salts with the formula Na 2 S x, where x = 2 to 5. The species S x 2−, called polysulfide anions, include disulfide (S 2 2−), trisulfide (S 3 2−), tetrasulfide (S 4 2−), and pentasulfide (S 5 2−).
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