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Escaped to the Golden Horde in exile after Ivan Asen III took control of Bulgaria. Killed by Nogai Khan after requests from the Byzantines. [58] Ivan Asen III Иван Асен: 1279–1280 (1 year) Son of Mitso Asen. [18] Supported as puppet emperor of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, against Ivaylo and Michael Asen II.
The Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans (Bulgarian: Именник на българските ханове) is a short text which is presumed to contain the names of some early Bulgar rulers, their clans, the year of their ascending to the throne according to the cyclic Bulgar calendar and the length of their rule, including the times of joint ...
Some historians use the terms Danube Bulgaria, [13] First Bulgarian State, [14] [15] or First Bulgarian Tsardom (Empire). Between 681 and 864 the country is also called by modern historians as the Bulgarian Khanate, [16] or the Bulgar Khaganate, [17] from the Turkic title of khan/khagan borne by its rulers.
Khan Tervel (Bulgarian: Тервел), also called Tarvel, Terval, or Terbelis in Byzantine sources, was the ruler of Bulgaria during the First Bulgarian Empire at the beginning of the 8th century. In 705 Emperor Justinian II named him caesar , the first foreigner to receive this title.
Krum (Bulgarian: Крум, Greek: Κροῦμος/Kroumos), often referred to as Krum the Fearsome (Bulgarian: Крум Страшни) was the Khan of Bulgaria from sometime between 796 and 803 until his death in 814.
Krum was originally a Bulgar chieftain in Pannonia. [citation needed] His background and the events around his accession as Khan of Bulgaria are unknown. [3]It has been speculated that he was a descendant of Khan Kubrat (c. 632–665) and that his rule marked the return of the Dulo clan, the first dynasty of Bulgaria.
Map from Soviet book "Archeology of the Ukrainian SSR in 3 volumes", Kiev, 1986, showing place of the Asparuh's burial near the modern city of Zaporizhzhia.. Asparuh (also Ispor or (rarely) Isperih) was а Bulgar khan in the second half of the 7th century and is credited with the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681.
In 681, part of the Bulgars settled in the Balkan peninsula and established First Bulgarian Empire. The main source of information used for reconstruction of the Bulgar calendar is a short 15th century transcript in Church Slavonic called Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans, [1] which contains 10 pairs of calendar