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This makes it possible for multiple users on multiple machines to share files and storage resources. Distributed file systems differ in their performance, mutability of content, handling of concurrent writes, handling of permanent or temporary loss of nodes or storage, and their policy of storing content.
The failure of disk hardware or a given storage node in a cluster can create a single point of failure that can result in data loss or unavailability. Fault tolerance and high availability can be provided through data replication of one sort or another, so that data remains intact and available despite the failure of any single piece of equipment.
The tradeoff between availability, consistency and latency, as described by the PACELC theorem. In database theory, the PACELC theorem is an extension to the CAP theorem.It states that in case of network partitioning (P) in a distributed computer system, one has to choose between availability (A) and consistency (C) (as per the CAP theorem), but else (E), even when the system is running ...
The most common size for an HA cluster is a two-node cluster, since that is the minimum required to provide redundancy, but many clusters consist of many more, sometimes dozens of nodes. The attached diagram is a good overview of a classic HA cluster, with the caveat that it does not make any mention of quorum/witness functionality (see above).
DRBD layers logical block devices (conventionally named /dev/drbdX, where X is the device minor number) over existing local block devices on participating cluster nodes. Writes to the primary node are transferred to the lower-level block device and simultaneously propagated to the secondary node(s). The secondary node(s) then transfers data to ...
Highly Available Storage (HAST) is a protocol and tool set for FreeBSD written by Pawel Jakub Dawidek, a core FreeBSD developer. HAST provides a block device to be synchronized between two servers for use as a file system. The two machines comprise a cluster, where each machine is a cluster node.
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The terms high availability, continuous operation, and continuous availability are generally used to express how available a system is. [3] [4] The following is a definition of each of these terms. High availability refers to the ability to avoid unplanned outages by eliminating single points of failure. This is a measure of the reliability of ...