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Maturation occurs in the epididymis. The location [Testes/Scrotum] is specifically important as the process of spermatogenesis requires a lower temperature to produce viable sperm, specifically 1°-8 °C lower than normal body temperature of 37 °C (98.6 °F). [6]
The production of sperm can be disrupted with a rise in temperature. [16] Thermal methods involve heating the testicles so that sperm production is slowed down. The spermatozoa are thus produced at a slightly lower temperature than that of the body, 1 to 2 °C below 37 °C. The cremaster muscle covers the testicles. It works involuntarily.
If the testicles remain too close to the body, it is likely that the increase in temperature will harm the spermatozoa formation, making conception more difficult. This is why the testes are carried in an external scrotum rather than within the abdomen; they normally remain slightly cooler than body temperature, facilitating sperm production.
The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories. The first category produces and stores sperm (spermatozoa). These are produced in the testicles, which are housed in the temperature-regulating scrotum; immature sperm then travel to the epididymides for development and storage.
Cremaster is an involuntary muscle, responsible for the cremasteric reflex; a protective and physiologic superficial reflex of the testicles. The reflex raises and lowers the testicles in order to keep them protected. Along with the dartos muscle of the scrotum, it regulates testicular temperature, thus aiding the process of spermatogenesis. [1]
At the highest temperature no differentiation were detected, some was seen at 37°C and some early spermatids appearing at 32°C. [3] Isolated cell culture technique has been successfully used for in vitro production of sperm using mouse as an animal model. [6]
The researchers, who relied on animal testing to conduct the study, found the opposite was true when it came to testosterone, the male hormone produced mainly in the testes, and testicle size.
Sperm Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis , during which the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa . At the beginning of the stage, the spermatid is a more or less circular cell containing a nucleus , Golgi apparatus , centriole and mitochondria ; by the end of the process, it has radically transformed into an elongated ...