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Since the first description of cryoglobulinemia in association with the clinical triad of skin purpura, joint pain, and weakness by Meltzer et al. in 1966, [4] [5] the percentage of cryoglobulinemic diseases described as essential cryoglobulinemia or idiopathic cryoglobulinemia (that is, cryoglobulinemic disease that is unassociated with an underlying disorder) has fallen.
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a form of inflammation affecting the blood vessels caused by the deposition of abnormal proteins called cryoglobulins.These immunoglobulin proteins are soluble at normal body temperatures, but become insoluble below 37 °C (98.6 °F) and subsequently may aggregate within smaller blood vessels.
Cryofibrinogenemia refers to a condition classified as a fibrinogen disorder in which a person's blood plasma is allowed to cool substantially (i.e. from its normal temperature of 37 °C to the near-freezing temperature of 4 °C), causing the (reversible) precipitation of a complex containing fibrinogen, fibrin, fibronectin, and, occasionally, small amounts of fibrin split products, albumin ...
Cold sensitive antibodies (CSA) are antibodies sensitive to cold temperature. Some cold sensitive antibodies are pathological and can lead to blood disorder.These pathological cold sensitive antibodies include cold agglutinins, Donath–Landsteiner antibodies, and cryoglobulins which are the culprits of cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria in the process of Donath ...
Some intravascular protein deposition diseases causing retiform purpura are cryoglobulinemia (type I), cryofibrinogenemia, and paraproteinemia. Some embolic disorders that may lead to retiform purpura include cholesterol emboli , septic emboli , atrial myxoma , or other manifestations like nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic ...
Acquired hypocomplementemia may occur in the setting of bone infections (osteomyelitis), infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis), and cryoglobulinemia. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with low C3 and C4. [14] Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis usually has low C3. [15]
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, cryoglobulinemia, nodular localized cutaneous amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, waldenstrom hypergammaglobulinemia, scleroderma, raynaud phenomenon, amyloid light chains (AL) amyloidosis, guillain-Barré syndrome. [6] [7] Treatment
Microvascular occlusions can be caused by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, cryoglobulinemia, angioinvasive organisms, embolization, disseminated intravascular coagulation, livedoid vasculopathy, cell occlusion syndromes, and iatrogenic causes. [3]