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Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine. Protein toxicity has many causes, including urea cycle disorders, genetic mutations, excessive protein intake, and insufficient kidney function, such as chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury .
The organic compound arsenobetaine is found in some marine foods such as fish and algae, and also in mushrooms in larger concentrations. In clean environments, the edible mushroom species Cyanoboletus pulverulentus hyperaccumulates arsenic in concentrations reaching even 1,300 mg/kg in dry weight; cacodylic acid is the major As compound. [ 7 ]
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition associated with a low-protein diet. [2] The extreme lack of protein causes an osmotic imbalance in the gastrointestinal system causing swelling of the gut diagnosed as an edema or retention of water. [7]
Okadaic acid, C 44 H 68 O 13, is a toxin produced by several species of dinoflagellates.It is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. [1] One of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases, and has a variety of negative effects on cells.
Story at a glance Protein consumption rates in the United States are about 40 percent higher than recommended levels. This excess protein results in excess amino acids, which transform into nitrogen.
The Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident occurred in 1955 in Japan and is believed to have resulted in the deaths of over 100 infants. [1] The incident occurred when arsenic was inadvertently added to dried milk via the use of an industrial grade monosodium phosphate additive. [ 2 ]
Awareness of water poisoning has increased recently, thanks to a series events that have also called into question just how much water people should be drinking daily.
Aflatoxin B 1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD 50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats. [4] This carcinogenic potency varies across species with some, such as rats and monkeys, seemingly much more susceptible than others.