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Lutherans believe that although humans have free will concerning civil righteousness, they cannot work spiritual righteousness in the heart without the presence and aid of the Holy Spirit. [141] [142] Lutherans believe Christians are "saved"; [143] that all who trust in Christ alone and his promises can be certain of their salvation. [144]
The Berlin Cathedral, a United Protestant cathedral in Berlin. Protestantism is a branch of Christianity [a] that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Protestant theology refers to the doctrines held by various Protestant traditions, which share some things in common but differ in others. In general, Protestant theology, as a subset of Christian theology , holds to faith in the Christian Bible , the Holy Trinity , salvation , sanctification , charity, evangelism , and the four last things .
The relationship between Law and Gospel—God's Law and the Gospel of Jesus Christ—is a major topic in Lutheran and Reformed theology. In these Protestant traditions, the distinction between the doctrines of Law, which demands obedience to God's ethical Will, and Gospel, which promises the forgiveness of sins in light of the person and work of The Lord Jesus Christ, is critical.
Protestant beliefs about salvation: This table summarizes the classical views of three Protestant beliefs about salvation. [1] Topic Calvinism Lutheranism Arminianism; Human will: Total depravity: [2] Humanity possesses "free will", [3] but it is in bondage to sin, [4] until it is "transformed". [5]
Lutheranism as a religious movement originated in the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.The movement originated with the call for a public debate regarding several issues within the Catholic Church by Martin Luther, then a professor of Bible at the young University of Wittenberg.
A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada (1992) Rosman, Doreen. The Evolution of the English Churches, 1500–2000 (2003) 400pp; Ryrie, Alec. Protestants: The Faith That Made the Modern World (2017) excerpt, covers last five centuries; Winship, Michael P. Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America (Yale UP ...
A painting by Lucas Cranach on Lutheran teachings, Lutherhaus "This one and firm rock, which we call the doctrine of justification," insisted Luther, "is the chief article of the whole Christian doctrine, which comprehends the understanding of all godliness." [12] Lutherans tend to follow Luther in this matter.