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The imperial gallon was originally defined as 10 pounds (4.5359 kg) of water in 1824, and refined as exactly 4.54609 litres in 1985. Traditionally, when describing volumes, recipes commonly give measurements in the following units: Tumbler (10 fluid ounces; [29] [30] named after a typical drinknig glass)
The cup is a cooking measure of volume, commonly associated with cooking and serving sizes.In the US, it is traditionally equal to one-half US pint (236.6 ml). Because actual drinking cups may differ greatly from the size of this unit, standard measuring cups may be used, with a metric cup commonly being rounded up to 240 millilitres (legal cup), but 250 ml is also used depending on the ...
In the apothecaries' system, which was widely used in the United States until the middle of the 20th century, [15] the dram is the mass of 1 ⁄ 96 pounds apothecaries (lb ap), or 1 ⁄ 8 ounces apothecaries (oz ap or ℥) [5]: C-7 (the pound apothecaries and ounce apothecaries are equal to the troy pound (lb t), and troy ounce (oz t ...
The following table lists the Van der Waals constants (from the Van der Waals equation) for a number of common gases and volatile liquids. [ 1 ] To convert from L 2 b a r / m o l 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {L^{2}bar/mol^{2}} } to L 2 k P a / m o l 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {L^{2}kPa/mol^{2}} } , multiply by 100.
The table of imperial avoirdupois mass is the same as the United States table up to one pound, but above that point, the tables differ. The imperial system has a hundredweight, defined as eight stone of 14 lb each, or 112 lb ( 50.802 345 44 kg ), whereas a US hundredweight is 100 lb ( 45.359 237 kg ).
For serving sizes on nutrition labels in the US, regulation 21 CFR §101.9(b) requires the use of "common household measures", and 21 CFR §101.9(b)(5)(viii) defines a "common household" fluid ounce as exactly 30 milliliters. This applies to the serving size but not the package size; package sizes use the US customary fluid ounce.
For example, in a recipe that calls for 10 pounds of flour and 5 pounds of water, the corresponding baker's percentages are 100% for the flour and 50% for the water. Because these percentages are stated with respect to the weight of flour rather than with respect to the weight of all ingredients, the sum of these percentages always exceeds 100%.
Erntefestmeter (Efm), a unit of volume for trees or forests which assumes a 10% loss due to bark and 10% during the felling process. Vorratsfestmeter (Vfm), a unit of volume for trees or forests based on measurements including the bark. Raummeter (rm), or stere (stacked firewood) = 0.7 m 3 (stacked woodpile with air spaces)