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The propositions for the degree of sums and products of polynomials in the above section do not apply, if any of the polynomials involved is the zero polynomial. [ 8 ] It is convenient, however, to define the degree of the zero polynomial to be negative infinity , − ∞ , {\displaystyle -\infty ,} and to introduce the arithmetic rules [ 9 ]
Unlike other constant polynomials, its degree is not zero. Rather, the degree of the zero polynomial is either left explicitly undefined, or defined as negative (either −1 or −∞). [10] The zero polynomial is also unique in that it is the only polynomial in one indeterminate that has an infinite number of roots. The graph of the zero ...
If r is not zero, then r / c m (writing c m ∈ F for the non-zero coefficient of highest degree in r) is a monic polynomial of degree m < n such that r / c m ∈ J α (because the latter is closed under multiplication/division by non-zero elements of F), which contradicts our original assumption of minimality for n.
Every polynomial in one variable x with real coefficients can be uniquely written as the product of a constant, polynomials of the form x + a with a real, and polynomials of the form x 2 + ax + b with a and b real and a 2 − 4b < 0 (which is the same thing as saying that the polynomial x 2 + ax + b has no real roots).
Let () be a polynomial equation, where P is a univariate polynomial of degree n. If one divides all coefficients of P by its leading coefficient, one obtains a new polynomial equation that has the same solutions and consists to equate to zero a monic polynomial. For example, the equation
For instance, the polynomial g(X) = X 2 − 1 has precisely deg g = 2 roots in the complex plane; namely 1 and −1, and hence does have distinct roots. On the other hand, the polynomial h(X) = (X − 2) 2, which is the square of a non-constant polynomial does not have distinct roots, as its degree is two, and 2 is its only root.
Every pair of polynomials (not both zero) has a GCD if and only if F is a unique factorization domain. If F is a field and p and q are not both zero, a polynomial d is a greatest common divisor if and only if it divides both p and q, and it has the greatest degree among the
If its minimal polynomial has degree n, then the algebraic number is said to be of degree n. For example, all rational numbers have degree 1, and an algebraic number of degree 2 is a quadratic irrational. The algebraic numbers are dense in the reals. This follows from the fact they contain the rational numbers, which are dense in the reals ...