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Another reported that some non-users reported adverse effects from second-hand vapor. [7] A 2016 survey reported that nearly half of middle and high school students had been exposed. [103] As of 2014 neither the long-term [15] nor short-term [147] [148] health effects from exhaled vapor were known.
The health effects of long-term nicotine use is unknown. [18] It may be decades before the long-term health effects of nicotine e-cigarette aerosol inhalation is known. [19] Short-term nicotine use excites the autonomic ganglia nerves and autonomic nerves, but chronic use seems to induce negative effects on endothelial cells. [20]
Although some evidence indicates that e-cigarettes are less addictive than smoking, with slower nicotine absorption rates, [13] [14] long-term e-cigarette safety remains uncertain. [15] [16] One issue is the need to separate the effects of vaping from the effects of smoking among users who both vape and smoke. [note 4] [17]
The emphasis of immediate financial benefits to those who concern themselves with the short-term over the long-term, partnering with shelters to reduce the social acceptability of smoking in this population, and increased taxes on cigarettes and alternative tobacco products to further make the addiction more difficult to fund.
A 2018 review stated, "Manufacturers of e-cigs claim that their products are nontoxic, but multiple adverse effects including pneumonia, wheezing and coughing have been associated with them." [148] E-cigarettes are promoted as being safe to use in contrast to traditional cigarettes, though they are not absence of hazardous substances. [149]
The effects of nicotine can be differentiated between short-term and long-term use. Short-term nicotine use, such as that associated with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation, appears to pose little cardiovascular risk, even for patients with known cardiovascular conditions. In contrast, longer-term nicotine use may not ...
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
The consumption of tobacco products and its harmful effects affect both smokers and non-smokers, [9] and is a major risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of deaths in the world, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, periodontal diseases, teeth decay and loss, over 20 different types or subtypes of cancers, strokes, several debilitating ...