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In projective geometry, a fixed point of a projectivity has been called a double point. [8] [9] In economics, a Nash equilibrium of a game is a fixed point of the game's best response correspondence. John Nash exploited the Kakutani fixed-point theorem for his seminal paper that won him the Nobel prize in economics.
The Banach fixed-point theorem (1922) gives a general criterion guaranteeing that, if it is satisfied, the procedure of iterating a function yields a fixed point. [2]By contrast, the Brouwer fixed-point theorem (1911) is a non-constructive result: it says that any continuous function from the closed unit ball in n-dimensional Euclidean space to itself must have a fixed point, [3] but it doesn ...
In mathematics, the Banach fixed-point theorem (also known as the contraction mapping theorem or contractive mapping theorem or Banach–Caccioppoli theorem) is an important tool in the theory of metric spaces; it guarantees the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of certain self-maps of metric spaces and provides a constructive method to find those fixed points.
Caristi fixed-point theorem (fixed points) Carleson–Jacobs theorem (complex analysis) Carleson's theorem (harmonic analysis) Carlson's theorem (complex analysis) Carmichael's theorem (Fibonacci numbers) Carnot's theorem ; Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) Cartan–Dieudonné theorem (group theory) Cartan–Hadamard theorem (Riemannian geometry)
In his thesis, Boyce identified a pair of functions that commute under composition, but do not have a common fixed point, proving the fixed point conjecture to be false. [ 14 ] In 1963, Glenn Baxter and Joichi published a paper about the fixed points of the composite function h ( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = g ( f ( x ) ) {\displaystyle h(x)=f(g(x))=g ...
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic; Gauss–Markov theorem (brief pointer to proof) Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Gödel's first incompleteness theorem; Gödel's second incompleteness theorem; Goodstein's theorem; Green's theorem (to do) Green's theorem when D is a simple region; Heine–Borel theorem; Intermediate value theorem; Itô's lemma ...
The fixed point iteration x n+1 = cos x n with initial value x 1 = −1.. An attracting fixed point of a function f is a fixed point x fix of f with a neighborhood U of "close enough" points around x fix such that for any value of x in U, the fixed-point iteration sequence , (), (()), ((())), … is contained in U and converges to x fix.
The Kakutani fixed point theorem generalizes the Brouwer fixed-point theorem in a different direction: it stays in R n, but considers upper hemi-continuous set-valued functions (functions that assign to each point of the set a subset of the set). It also requires compactness and convexity of the set.
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