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It is a nonsteroidal agent with potent antiestrogenic properties which compete with estrogen for binding sites in breast and other tissues. Tamoxifen causes cells to remain in the G 0 and G 1 phases of the cell cycle. Because it prevents (pre)cancerous cells from dividing but does not cause cell death, tamoxifen is cytostatic rather than cytocidal.
Tamoxifen is currently first-line treatment for nearly all pre-menopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. [1] Raloxifene is another partial agonist SERM which does not seem to promote endometrial cancer , and is used primarily for chemoprevention of breast cancer in high-risk individuals, as well as to prevent osteoporosis ...
Serous carcinoma is a Type II endometrial tumor that makes up 5–10% of diagnosed endometrial cancer and is common in postmenopausal women with atrophied endometrium and black women. Serous endometrial carcinoma is aggressive and often invades the myometrium and metastasizes within the peritoneum (seen as omental caking ) or the lymphatic system.
Adverse effects of tamoxifen include hot flashes and an increase in the risk of developing endometrial cancer compared to women of similar age. [ 6 ] [ 4 ] Toremifene , a chlorinated tamoxifen derivative developed to avoid hepatic carcinomas , was associated with fewer DNA adducts in the liver than tamoxifen in preclinical studies .
For example, the antiestrogen tamoxifen used for the treatment of breast cancer [6] while the antiandrogen bicalutamide alone [7] or in combination with castration [8] is used to treat prostate cancer. Interruption of hormonal stimulus. For example, tamoxifen can slow the progression until actual hormone independence occurs in the pathway later ...
But in the new study, which included data for about 1,500 Black patients, more than 11% of those with endometrial cancer (24 of 210 people) had endometrial thickness measurements that fell within ...
One of the largest breast cancer prevention studies ever, [2] it included 22,000 women in 400 medical centers in the United States and Canada. [3] [4] [5] The study concluded that raloxifene caused fewer side-effects and less endometrial cancer than tamoxifen.
Endometrial cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women in the U.S. In 2022, it affected more than 66,000 patients and was responsible for nearly 12,000 fatalities. ...