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For example, at 60 Hz, a 2000 MCM (1000 square millimeter) copper conductor has 23% more resistance than it does at DC. The same size conductor in aluminum has only 10% more resistance with 60 Hz AC than it does with DC. [14] Skin depth also varies as the inverse square root of the permeability of the conductor. In the case of iron, its ...
The waveform of 230 V and 50 Hz compared with 120 V and 60 Hz. The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in a wide area synchronous grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user.
ELF waves around 50 Hz to 60 Hz are emitted by power generators, transmission lines and distribution lines, power cables, and electric appliances. Typical household exposure to ELF waves ranges in intensity from 5 V/m for a light bulb to 180 V/m for a stereo, measured at 30 centimetres (12 in) and using 240V power.
Other three-phase voltages, up to 830 volts, are occasionally used for special-purpose systems such as oil well pumps. Large industrial motors (say, more than 250 hp or 150 kW) may operate on medium voltage. On 60 Hz systems a standard for medium voltage equipment is 2,400/4,160 V whereas 3,300 V is the common standard for 50 Hz systems.
Induction heating is a non contact method of heating a conductive body by utilising a strong magnetic field.Supply (mains) frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz induction heaters incorporate a coil directly fed from the electricity supply, typically for lower power industrial applications where lower surface temperatures are required.
Mains hum, electric hum, cycle hum, or power line hum is a sound associated with alternating current which is twice the frequency of the mains electricity.The fundamental frequency of this sound is usually double that of fundamental 50/60 Hz, i.e., 100/120 Hz, depending on the local power-line frequency.
The part that converts electricity into heat is called a heating element. Among the applications are: Buildings are often heated with electric heaters where grid power is available. Electric stoves and ovens use Joule heating to cook food. Soldering irons generate heat to melt conductive solder and make electrical connections.
A pendulum with a period of 2.8 s and a frequency of 0.36 Hz. For cyclical phenomena such as oscillations, waves, or for examples of simple harmonic motion, the term frequency is defined as the number of cycles or repetitions per unit of time.