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Learn about the history, structure and functions of the government of Indonesia, a Southeast Asian country with the world's fourth largest population. Explore the different political systems, from liberal democracy to guided democracy to New Order, and their impacts on the nation.
Suharto was the second and longest serving president of Indonesia, who ruled as a brutal and corrupt authoritarian regime from 1967 to 1998. He rose to power after leading a violent anti-communist purge in 1965, and was backed by Western powers such as the United States.
Learn about the history, structure, and challenges of Indonesia's political system, a presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. Explore the role of the government, the legislature, the judiciary, and the political parties in Indonesia's democracy.
Sukarno was the first president of Indonesia, who led the independence movement from the Dutch colonialists and established a non-aligned foreign policy. He was also known as Bung Karno, a nickname meaning "Great Lover", and had a turbulent and controversial rule that ended with a military coup in 1967.
Learn about the history and politics of Indonesia through the presidents who have led the country since its independence in 1945. See the names, terms, parties, and vice presidents of each president, as well as their achievements and controversies.
Learn about the history, features, and current status of the official currency of Indonesia, issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. See the denominations, symbols, and images of coins and banknotes, as well as the proposed redenomination plan.
Pancasila is the official, foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia, composed of five principles: belief in the one and only God, just and civilized humanity, unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by the inner wisdom, and social justice for all. Learn about the history, background, rationale, and symbols of Pancasila from this Wikipedia article.
The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia (Indonesian: Demokrasi Liberal), also known as the Era of Parliamentary Democracy, was a period in Indonesian political history, when the country was under a liberal democratic system. During this period, Indonesia held its first and only free and fair legislative election until 1999, but also saw ...