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The Etruscan language portion has 16 lines and 37 words. The date is roughly 500 BC. [76] The tablets were found in 1964 by Massimo Pallottino during an excavation at the ancient Etruscan port of Pyrgi, now Santa Severa. The only new Etruscan word that could be extracted from close analysis of the tablets was the word for 'three', ci. [77]
Many of the names are Etruscan spellings (and pronunciations) of Greek names. The themes may or may not be entirely Greek. Etruscans frequently added their own themes to Greek myths. The same may be said of native Italic names rendered into Etruscan.
The archaic form of the Etruscan alphabet remained practically unchanged from its origin in the 8th century BC until about 600 BC, and the direction of writing was free. From the 6th century BC, however, the alphabet evolved, adjusting to the phonology of the Etruscan language, and letters representing phonemes nonexistent in Etruscan were dropped.
The Etruscan civilization (/ ɪ ˈ t r ʌ s k ən / ih-TRUS-kən) was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. [2]
The Old Italic alphabets ultimately derive from the Phoenician alphabet, but the general consensus is that the Etruscan alphabet was imported from the Euboean Greek colonies of Cumae and Ischia (Pithekoūsai) situated in the Gulf of Naples in the 8th century BC; this Euboean alphabet is also called 'Cumaean' (after Cumae), or 'Chalcidian' (after its metropolis Chalcis). [3]
Nevertheless, except for the identities of 4 and 6, there is general agreement among Etruscologists about the words for numbers up to 100. The table below gives the transliteration (one letter for each Etruscan letter) and an approximate phonetic pronunciation. Words marked by asterisks are not attested, but are hypothesized based on known numbers.
Etruscan terracotta warriors; Biological taxa. Etruscan bear (Ursus etruscus, extinct) Etruscan honeysuckle (Lonicera etrusca) Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus, white- ...
Map showing Etruria and Etruscan colonies as of 750 BC and as expanded until 500 BC. Etruria (/ ɪ ˈ t r ʊər i ə / ih-TROOR-ee-ə) was a region of Central Italy delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber, [1] an area that covered what is now most of Tuscany, northern Lazio, and north-western Umbria.