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[30] [31] PDRC can be contrasted with traditional compression-based cooling systems (e.g., air conditioners) that consume substantial amounts of energy, have a net heating effect (heating the outdoors more than cooling the indoors), require ready access to electric power and often employ coolants that deplete the ozone or have a strong ...
Radiant heating and cooling is a category of HVAC technologies that exchange heat by both convection and radiation with the environments they are designed to heat or cool. There are many subcategories of radiant heating and cooling, including: "radiant ceiling panels", [ 1 ] "embedded surface systems", [ 1 ] "thermally active building systems ...
The three basic types of radiant cooling are direct, indirect, and fluorescent: Direct radiant cooling - In a building designed to optimize direct radiation cooling, the building roof acts as a heat sink to absorb the daily internal loads. The roof acts as the best heat sink because it is the greatest surface exposed to the night sky.
The wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a measure of environmental heat as it affects humans. Unlike a simple temperature measurement, WBGT accounts for all four major environmental heat factors: air temperature, humidity, radiant heat (from sunlight or sources such as furnaces), and air movement (wind or ventilation). [ 1 ]
A heating system is a mechanism for maintaining temperatures at an acceptable level; by using thermal energy within a home, office, or other dwelling.
A chilled beam is a type of radiation/convection HVAC system designed to heat and cool large buildings through the use of water. [1] This method removes most of the zone sensible local heat gains and allows the flow rate of pre-conditioned air from the air handling unit to be reduced, lowering by 60% to 80% the ducted design airflow rate and the equipment capacity requirements.
Institutional heating systems (office buildings or schools, for example) can use low-grade, inexpensive bunker fuel to run their heating plants, but capital cost is high compared to more easily managed liquid fuels. Natural gas is a widespread heating fuel in North America and northern Europe. Gas burners are automatically controlled and ...
This is done with effective design of the building, interior and with the use of high temperature radiant cooling and low temperature radiant heating. [8] In outdoor settings, mean radiant temperature is affected by air temperature but also by the radiation of absorbed heat from the materials used in sidewalks, streets, and buildings.