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Neurogenic bladder dysfunction, often called by the shortened term neurogenic bladder, refers to urinary bladder problems due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of urination. [1] [2] There are multiple types of neurogenic bladder depending on the underlying cause and the symptoms.
Autonomic neuropathy (AN or AAN) is a form of polyneuropathy that affects the non-voluntary, non-sensory nervous system (i.e., the autonomic nervous system), affecting mostly the internal organs such as the bladder muscles, the cardiovascular system, the digestive tract, and the genital organs. These nerves are not under a person's conscious ...
A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column. [1] [2] These are grouped into the corresponding cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions of the spine. [1]
This nerve movement also applies to the spinal nerves, which can stretch and slacken with movement of the spine. [4] This nerve gliding happens at intraneurial and extraneurial tissue planes. Outside the nerve, a thin layer of tissue similar to adventitia surrounds the nerve upon which the epineurial surface glides. Inside the nerve, fascicles ...
The vagus nerve, named after the Latin word vagus (because the nerve controls such a broad range of target tissues – vagus in Latin literally means "wandering"), contains parasympathetic fibers that originate in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve and the nucleus ambiguus in the CNS. The vagus nerve can be readily identified in the neck ...
The nerves composing it are numerous, and contain a large proportion of spinal nerve fibers. They accompany the vesicle arteries , and are distributed to the sides and fundus of the bladder . Numerous filaments also pass to the seminal vesicles and vas deferens ; those accompanying the vas deferens join, on the spermatic cord , with branches ...
The parasympathetic nerve supply comes from the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the sacral spinal cord and also terminates in the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. Finally the somatic nerve supply arises from the urethral sphincter motor neurons in the ventral horn of the sacral spinal cord; better known as Onuf's nucleus.
Afferent nerve cell bodies bring information from the body to the brain and spinal cord, while efferent nerve cell bodies bring information from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The cell bodies create long sympathetic chains that are on either side of the spinal cord. They also form para- or pre-vertebral ganglia of gross anatomy.