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The growth cycle of M. sieversii could be divided into several stages from germination to developing fruit bearing trees, and to the death of aged trees. [7] Period I starts from seed germination to the development of vegetative tree parts, and to the first round of fruiting. [7] A typical apple tree reaches age 6 to 8 in this period.
Apple scab is spread through fungus growing in old apple leaves on the ground and spreads during warm spring weather to infect the new year's growth. [ 61 ] Among the most serious disease problems is a bacterial disease called fireblight , and three fungal diseases: Gymnosporangium rust, black spot , [ 62 ] and bitter rot . [ 63 ]
The wild apple is a deciduous small to medium-sized tree, but can also grow into a multi-stemmed bush. It can live 80–100 years and grow up to 14 metres (46 feet) tall with trunk diameters of usually 23–45 centimetres (9– 17 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches), although diameters exceeding 90 cm (35 in) have been recorded. [ 2 ]
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Empire is a clonally propagated cultivar of apple derived from a seed grown in 1945 by Lester C. Anderson, a Cornell University fruit nutritionist who conducted open pollination research on his various orchards. [1]
Malus hupehensis is a vigorous deciduous tree growing to 12 metres (39 feet) tall and broad. [citation needed] It has pink buds, opening to fragrant white blossoms in spring. It produces bright red, cherry-sized crab-apples in the autumn. [7]
The tree is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, growing 5–8 m (16–26 ft) tall in the wild (<5 m under cultivation), with a globular crown and very dark purplish-brown bark. [citation needed] New shoots are dark purple, and leaves range from purplish when new to dark green when mature. In the spring it puts out intensely magenta-rose flowers.
Malay apple is a strictly tropical tree and will be damaged by freezing temperatures. [12] It thrives in humid climates with an annual rainfall of 152 cm (60 in) or more. It can grow at a variety of altitudes, from sea level up to 2,740 m (8,990 ft). The tree can grow to 12–18 m (39–59 ft) in height.