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Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
Treatment with anti-TB drugs for at least 6 months results in higher success rates when compared with treatment less than 6 months, even though the difference is small. Shorter treatment regimen may be recommended for those with compliance issues. [ 146 ]
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are vaccinations intended for the prevention of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy as a defence against TB was first proposed in 1890 by Robert Koch . [ 1 ] As of 2021, the only effective tuberculosis vaccine in common use is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, first used on humans in 1921.
Treatment of MDR-TB requires treatment with second-line drugs, usually four or more anti-TB drugs for a minimum of 6 months, and possibly extending for 18–24 months if rifampin resistance has been identified in the specific strain of TB with which the patient has been infected. [9] Under ideal program conditions, MDR-TB cure rates can ...
The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). [9] It is named after its inventors Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin. [10] [11] In countries where tuberculosis or leprosy is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as soon after birth as possible. [9]
Bedaquiline, sold under the brand name Sirturo, is a medication used for the treatment of active tuberculosis. [1] Specifically, it is used to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis along with other medications for tuberculosis. [1] [8] [9] It is taken by mouth. [3] Common side effects include nausea, joint pains, headaches, and chest pain. [1]
For active tuberculosis it is used with other antimycobacterial medications. [1] For latent tuberculosis it may be used by itself when the exposure was with drug-resistant TB. [1] Rifabutin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1992. [1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [3]
A 2008 study in the Tomsk oblast of Russia, reported that 14 out of 29 (48.3%) patients with XDR-TB successfully completed treatment. [16] In 2018, the WHO reported that the treatment success rate for XDR-TB was 34% for the 2015 cohort, compared to 55% for MDR/RR-TB (2015 cohort), 77% for HIV-associated TB (2016 cohort), and 82% for TB (2016 ...