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The protoscience of chemistry, and alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard ...
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
Humphry Davy was an English chemist and a professor of chemistry at the London's Royal Institution in the early 1800s. [19] There he performed experiments that cast doubt upon some of Lavoisier's key ideas such as the acidity of oxygen and the idea of a caloric element. [19]
1789: Antoine Lavoisier: law of conservation of mass, basis for chemistry, and the beginning of modern chemistry. 1796: Georges Cuvier: Establishes extinction as a fact. 1796: Edward Jenner: smallpox historical accounting. 1796: Hanaoka Seishū: develops general anaesthesia. 1800: Alessandro Volta: discovers electrochemical series and invents ...
In 1800, Alessandro Volta invented the electric battery (known as the voltaic pile) and thus improved the way electric currents could also be studied. [21] A year later, Thomas Young demonstrated the wave nature of light—which received strong experimental support from the work of Augustin-Jean Fresnel—and the principle of interference. [22]
Angela Merkel (born 1954), doctorate in quantum chemistry, Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021) Gaspard Monge (1746–1818), invented descriptive geometry; Francis Muguet (1955–2009), advocate of open information access; Edward W. Morley (1838–1923), performed the Michelson–Morley experiment; Knute Rockne (1888–1931), head football coach ...
John Dalton FRS (/ ˈ d ɔː l t ən /; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. [1] He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry.
William Nicholson (13 December 1753 – 21 May 1815) was an English writer, translator, publisher, scientist, inventor, patent agent and civil engineer. He launched the first monthly scientific journal in Britain, Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, in 1797, and remained its editor until 1814.