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Second-generation antipsychotics, including risperidone, are effective in the treatment of manic symptoms in acute manic or mixed exacerbations of bipolar disorder. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] In children and adolescents, risperidone may be more effective than lithium or valproate , but has more metabolic side effects. [ 28 ]
Iloperidone is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and mania or mixed episodes in bipolar I disorder. [2] [3] In a 2013 study in a comparison of 15 antipsychotic drugs in effectivity in treating schizophrenic symptoms, iloperidone demonstrated mild effectiveness — as effective as lurasidone, and 13 to 15% less effective than ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, and asenapine. [4]
Lurasidone, sold under the brand name Latuda among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar depression. [2] It is taken by mouth . Common side effects include sedation , indigestion , nausea , and insomnia .
Typical antipsychotics (also known as major tranquilizers, and first generation antipsychotics) are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia). Typical antipsychotics may also be used for the treatment of acute mania, agitation, and other conditions.
The difference between first- and second-generation antipsychotics is a subject of debate. The second-generation antipsychotics are generally distinguishable by the presence of 5HT2A receptor antagonism and a corresponding lower propensity for extrapyramidal side effects compared to first-generation antipsychotics. [15]
Antipsychotics work best in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. [20] Second-generation or atypical antipsychotics (including aripiprazole , olanzapine , quetiapine , paliperidone , risperidone , and ziprasidone ) have emerged as effective mood stabilizers. [ 2 ]
Asenapine, sold under the brand name Saphris among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder as well as the medium to long-term management of bipolar disorder.
Chlorpromazine was developed in 1950 and was the first antipsychotic on the market. [7] [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9] [10] Its introduction has been labeled as one of the great advances in the history of psychiatry. [11] [12] It is available as a generic medication. [6]
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