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Eugen Goldstein (/ ˈ ɔɪ ɡ ən / OY-gən, German: [ˈɔʏɡeːn ˈɡɔlt.ʃtaɪn, ˈɔʏɡn̩-]; 5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist.He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays or canal rays, later identified as positive ions in the gas phase including the hydrogen ion.
Goldstein called these positive rays Kanalstrahlen, "channel rays", or "canal rays", because these rays passed through the holes or channels in the cathode. The process by which anode rays are formed in a gas-discharge anode ray tube is as follows.
They were first observed in 1859 by German physicist Julius Plücker and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, [1] and were named in 1876 by Eugen Goldstein Kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays. [2] [3] In 1897, British physicist J. J. Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the ...
Eugen Goldstein in 1876 found that cathode rays were always emitted perpendicular to the cathode's surface. [22] [23] If the cathode was a flat plate, the rays were shot out in straight lines perpendicular to the plane of the plate. This was evidence that they were particles, because a luminous object, like a red hot metal plate, emits light in ...
1886: Discovery of anode rays by Eugen Goldstein [445] 1887: Discoveries of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect and radio waves by Heinrich Hertz [446] 1887: First parabolic antenna by Heinrich Hertz [447] 1893–1896: Wien approximation (1896) [448] and Wien's displacement law (1893) [449] by Wilhelm Wien
Eugen Goldstein observes canal rays. 1898 Wilhelm Wien Wilhelm Wien demonstrates that canal rays can be deflected using strong electric and magnetic fields. He shows that the mass-to-charge ratio of the particles have opposite polarity and is much larger compared to the electron. He also realizes that the particle mass is similar to the one of ...
Rutherford determined that the only place this hydrogen could have come from was the nitrogen, and therefore nitrogen must contain hydrogen nuclei. He thus suggested that the hydrogen nucleus, which was known to have an atomic number of 1, was an elementary particle, which he decided must be the protons hypothesized by Eugen Goldstein (1886). 1919
Carl Auer von Welsbach patents his first incandescent gas mantle.; Eugen Goldstein names the cathode ray, later discovered to be composed of electrons, and the canal ray, later discovered to be positive hydrogen ions that have been stripped of their electrons in a cathode-ray tube; these will later be named protons.