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These sets also exist as parts of our cognitive processes although they do not always enter consciousness. [6] This is demonstrated in the way bookkeepers can balance their book without being aware of using addition or subtraction. [11] An inappropriate mental set hampers the solution of straightforward problems. [3]
An example water jar puzzle. The water jar test, first described in Abraham S. Luchins' 1942 classic experiment, [1] is a commonly cited example of an Einstellung situation. . The experiment's participants were given the following problem: there are 3 water jars, each with the capacity to hold a different, fixed amount of water; the subject must figure out how to measure a certain amount of ...
The Role of the Social Field in Psychotherapy.By Abraham S. Luchins (1948). On Being Wertheimer's Student; by Abraham S. Luchins (1993); Isomorphism in Gestalt theory - Comparison of Wertheimer's and Koehler's concepts Archived 2022-06-26 at the Wayback Machine; by Abraham S. Luchins and Edith H. Luchins (1999)
Cognitive flexibility [note 1] is an intrinsic property of a cognitive system often associated with the mental ability to adjust its activity and content, switch between different task rules and corresponding behavioral responses, maintain multiple concepts simultaneously and shift internal attention between them. [1]
A mindset refers to an established set of attitudes of a person or group concerning culture, values, philosophy, frame of reference, outlook, or disposition. [1] [2] It may also arise from a person's worldview or beliefs about the meaning of life. [3] Some scholars claim that people can have multiple types of mindsets. [4]
Set and setting are factors that can condition the effects of psychoactive substances: "Set" refers to the mental state a person brings to the experience, like thoughts, mood and expectations; "setting" to the physical and social environment. [2] This is especially relevant for psychedelic experiences in either a therapeutic or recreational ...
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These mental sets may not always be consciously recognized by the bearer. [12] In the field of psychology, mental sets are typically examined in the process of problem solving, [ 13 ] with an emphasis on the process of breaking away from particular mental sets into formulation of insight .