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For example, ethene + bromine → 1,2-dibromoethane: C 2 H 4 + Br 2 → BrCH 2 CH 2 Br. This takes the form of 3 main steps shown below; [3] Forming of a π-complex The electrophilic Br-Br molecule interacts with electron-rich alkene molecule to form a π-complex 1. Forming of a three-membered bromonium ion
This list is sorted by boiling point of gases in ascending order, but can be sorted on different values. "sub" and "triple" refer to the sublimation point and the triple point, which are given in the case of a substance that sublimes at 1 atm; "dec" refers to decomposition. "~" means approximately. Blue type items have an article available by ...
Chloramphenicol is a rare example of a naturally occurring nitro compound. At least some naturally occurring nitro groups arose by the oxidation of amino groups. [17] 2-Nitrophenol is an aggregation pheromone of ticks. Examples of nitro compounds are rare in nature. 3-Nitropropionic acid found in fungi and plants .
A dielectric gas, or insulating gas, is a dielectric material in gaseous state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges . Dielectric gases are used as electrical insulators in high voltage applications, e.g. transformers , circuit breakers (namely sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers ), switchgear (namely high ...
The nitronium ion, [N O 2] +, is a cation.It is an onium ion because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion [NH 4] +.It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule NO 2, or the protonation of nitric acid HNO 3 (with removal of H 2 O).
The carbonyl carbon is typically electrophilic. A qualitative order of electrophilicity is RCHO (aldehydes) > R 2 CO (ketones) > RCO 2 R' (esters) > RCONH 2 (amides). A variety of nucleophiles attack, breaking the carbon-oxygen double bond. Interactions between carbonyl groups and other substituents were found in a study of collagen. [3]
Because the π donation is weak, the carbene carbon is electrophilic in nature. [1] Because of this bonding property, Fischer carbenes often feature: low oxidation state metal center; middle and late transition metals Fe(0), Mo(0), Cr(0) π-acceptor metal ligands; π-donor substituents on the carbene atom such as alkoxy and alkylated amino groups.
The generic structure of a nitrene group. In chemistry, a nitrene or imene (R−:Ṅ·) is the nitrogen analogue of a carbene.The nitrogen atom is uncharged and monovalent, [1] so it has only 6 electrons in its valence level—two covalent bonded and four non-bonded electrons.