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The committee submitted its report on 24 November 1957 and recommended the establishment of the scheme of 'democratic decentralisation' which finally came to be known as Panchayati Raj. The main aim of Panchayat raj system is to settle the local problems locally and to make the people politically conscious.
The main concept of decentralization is that many problems and matters are better solved at the local level. Additionally, at the local level, people can directly participate in making decisions. This promotes democratic participation and encourages people to get involved. In 1992, a significant step was taken towards decentralization.
The committee recommended the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralization’, which finally came to be known as Panchayati Raj. This led to the establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at the block level, and Zila Parishad at the district level.
Studies on the performance of the people's planning and decentralization tend to show a mixed trend: it is not a resounding success but also not an utter failure. [3] There were several issues that hampered the plan from the start and these included "weak and highly centralised administrative setup and inadequacy in administrative procedure, lack of experience, and inadequate database."
Despite various committees such as the Royal Commission on Decentralization (1907), the Montagu-Chelmsford Report on constitutional reform (1919), and the Government of India Resolution (1919), a hierarchical administrative structure based on supervision and control evolved. The administrator became the focal point of rural governance.
Local Body Elections (India) are conducted periodically in states and union territories of India as per the provision made in Constitution. [1] The reasons for forming these local bodies are 1. Decentralisation of process of democracy and 2. Power devolution at local levels. Local Body Elections are conducted by State Election Commission. [2] [3]
In December 1977, the Janata Government appointed a committee on Panchayati Raj institutions under the chairmanship of Asoka Mehta.The committee submitted its report in August 1978 and made 132 recommendations to revive and strengthen the declining Panchayati Raj system in the country.
This landmark initiative of the Government of India in 1993 was built upon the premise that all ‘power’ in a democracy rightfully belongs to ‘the people’. [1]