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In this case, it was first necessary to identify the salient model parameters characterizing the building occupant. The parameters that had the most impact on total energy use are listed according to importance for both warm and cold climates. Important parameters in a warm climate zone: Equipment load (High) Ventilation rate (High) Equipment ...
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy is an American National Standard published by ASHRAE that establishes the ranges of indoor environmental conditions to achieve acceptable thermal comfort for occupants of buildings. It was first published in 1966, and since 2004 has been updated every three to six years.
Thus, many jurisdictions have found it unnecessary to include hard height limitations when using floor area ratio calculations. [ citation needed ] Common exclusions to the total calculation of square footage for the purpose of floor area ratio (FAR) include unoccupied areas such as mechanical equipment floors, basements exclusively used for ...
The CLF is the cooling load at a given time compared to the heat gain from earlier in the day. [1] [5] The SC, or shading coefficient, is used widely in the evaluation of heat gain through glass and windows. [1] [5] Finally, the SCL, or solar cooling load factor, accounts for the variables associated with solar heat load.
However, they are seldom used as the actual basis of design or calculation. For example, residential ventilation rates are calculated based on area of the residence and number of occupants. [ 5 ] Non-residential ventilation rates are based on floor area and number of occupants, or a calculated dilution of known contaminants. [ 6 ]
The calculation for the K factor is given by the formula: DHV= K*AADT. in which DHV is the "Design Hourly Volume," the 30th highest hourly traffic volume (in both directions) in the year in which data was collected, by vehicles per hour. [4]
Each day-of-week's MADW is then calculated across months to calculate an Annual Average Day of Week (AADW) (7 per year). Finally, the AADWs are averaged to calculate an AADT. The United States Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has adopted this method as the preferred method in the FHWA Traffic Monitoring Guide.
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for an intended load.Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.