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Schedorhinotermes termites use hydrophilic surfaces on body and wings to attach themselves to plants they colonize. A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water. [1] In contrast, hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it.
Lignin is present in all vascular plants, but not in bryophytes, supporting the idea that the original function of lignin was restricted to water transport. It is covalently linked to hemicellulose and therefore cross-links different plant polysaccharides, conferring mechanical strength to the cell wall and by extension the plant as a whole. [16]
Plant mannans have β(1-4) linkages, occasionally with α(1-6) galactose branches, forming galactomannans. They are insoluble and a form of storage polysaccharide. Ivory nut is a source of mannans. An additional type is galactoglucomannan found in soft wood with a mixed mannose/glucose β(1-4) backbone.
Polyphenols (/ ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ f iː n oʊ l,-n ɒ l /) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. [1] They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. [1] [2] [3] Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments.
Cellulose is used to make water-soluble adhesives and binders such as methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose which are used in wallpaper paste. Cellulose is further used to make hydrophilic and highly absorbent sponges. Cellulose is the raw material in the manufacture of nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) which is used in smokeless gunpowder.
Vallisneria spiralis is an example of hydrophily. Female flowers reach the water's surface temporarily to ensure pollination. Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by the flow of waters, particularly in rivers and streams.
Movement occurs when plant tissue matures, dies and desiccates, cell walls drying, shrinking; [12] and also when humidity re-hydrates plant tissue, cell walls enlarging, expanding. [11] The direction of the resulting force depends upon the architecture of the tissue and is capable of producing bending, twisting or coiling movements.
The xylem, vessels and tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plants. The system transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant. It is also used to replace water lost during transpiration and
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