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FOUR score - 17-point scale for the assessment of level of consciousness. Aims to have higher sensitivity and specificity then GCS, applicable in intubated patients. CMM - Cancer Mortality Model [1] specific score to predict outcome of critical cancer patients; MPM - Mortality Probability Model [1] [2] model to assess risk of death at ICU admission
The propensity score is the coarsest balancing score function, as it takes a (possibly) multidimensional object (X i) and transforms it into one dimension (although others, obviously, also exist), while () = is the finest one. If treatment assignment is strongly ignorable given X then:
In a prediction rule study, investigators identify a consecutive group of patients who are suspected of having a specific disease or outcome. The investigators then obtain a standard set of clinical observations on each patient and a test or clinical follow-up to define the true state of the patient.
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT Score is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia. [1] The PSI/PORT score is often used to predict the need for hospitalization in people with pneumonia. [2]
The SOFA scoring system is useful in predicting the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. [8] According to an observational study at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Belgium, the mortality rate is at least 50% when the score is increased, regardless of initial score, in the first 96 hours of admission, 27% to 35% if the score remains unchanged, and less than 27% if the score is reduced. [9]
A scoring system assigns scores to various signs-symptoms and other clinical features of the patients depending on their severity with score = 0 for the absence of the feature. The sum of these scores is used to reach to a clinical decision regarding diagnosis and prognosis, and to assess their severity that guides the treatment regimen.
This history of scores can then be utilized to monitor the effectiveness of treatment methods and quantify a patient's improvement or decline. [12] [13] The NIHSS has also been used in a prospective observational study, to predict 3 month outcomes of patients with undernutrition during hospital stays directly after a stroke. [14]
The score is an index which takes into account the correlative and causal relationship between mortality and factors including advancing age, burn size, the presence of inhalational injury. [2] Studies have shown that the Baux score is highly correlative with length of stay in hospital due to burns and final outcome. [3]