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In commercial shipping, laytime is the amount of time allowed, measured in days (or portions thereof), hours, or even tides, within a voyage charter for the loading and unloading of cargo. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
A voyage charter specifies a period, known as laytime, for loading and unloading the cargo. If laytime is exceeded, the charterer must pay demurrage. If laytime is saved, the charter party may require the shipowner to pay despatch to the charterer. [1] A time charter is the hiring of a vessel for a specific period of time.
Demurrage is laytime consumed less laytime allocated (if any). The master of the ship must give a Notice of Readiness (NOR) to the charterer when the ship has arrived at the port of loading or discharge. The NOR informs the charterer that the ship is ready to load or discharge. The date and time of the NOR determines when laytime is to commence ...
A freight rate (historically and in ship chartering simply freight [1]) is a price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another. The price depends on the form of the cargo, the mode of transport (truck, ship, train, aircraft), the weight of the cargo, and the distance to the delivery destination.
Statement of Facts (SoF) is a report listing all events during a ship's stay in port in chronological order and is used for the calculation of the lay time [1] [2] and demurrage. The Statement of Facts may aid in the resolution of conflicts by providing transparency and a precise documentation. The Statement of Facts has usually a standardised ...
Worldscale was established in November 1952 by London Tanker Brokers' Panel on the request of British Petroleum and Shell as an average total cost of shipping oil from one port to another by ship. A large table was created as result. The same scale is used today, although it was merged with the American Tanker Rate Schedule (ATRS) in 1969.
In time and voyage charters, the shipowner still runs the ship, but when in port the charterer becomes responsible for loading and unloading the ship within the agreed period of laytime. If the charterer exceeds the allowed laytime, demurrage [ 5 ] becomes payable.
Ship-to-ship (STS) transfer operation is the transfer of cargo between seagoing ships positioned alongside each other, either while stationary or underway. Cargoes typically transferred via STS methods include crude oil , liquefied gas ( LPG or LNG ), bulk cargo, and petroleum products.