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A double bubble. Note that the surface separating the small lower bubble from the large bubble bulges into the large bubble. In the mathematical theory of minimal surfaces, the double bubble theorem states that the shape that encloses and separates two given volumes and has the minimum possible surface area is a standard double bubble: three spherical surfaces meeting at angles of 120° on a ...
In the former case, the orbit is called stable; in the latter case, it is called asymptotically stable and the given orbit is said to be attracting. An equilibrium solution f e {\displaystyle f_{e}} to an autonomous system of first order ordinary differential equations is called:
The stable distribution family is also sometimes referred to as the Lévy alpha-stable distribution, after Paul Lévy, the first mathematician to have studied it. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Of the four parameters defining the family, most attention has been focused on the stability parameter, α {\displaystyle \alpha } (see panel).
The pressure (P) inside of the gas bubble continues to increase and the maximum value is obtained when the bubble has the completely hemispherical shape whose radius is exactly corresponding to the radius of the capillary. [3] Figure 2 shows each step of bubble formation and corresponding change of bubble radius and each step is described below.
The multivariate stable distribution defines linear relations between stable distribution marginals. [clarification needed] In the same way as for the univariate case, the distribution is defined in terms of its characteristic function. The multivariate stable distribution can also be thought as an extension of the multivariate normal distribution.
An exponentially stable LTI system is one that will not "blow up" (i.e., give an unbounded output) when given a finite input or non-zero initial condition. Moreover, if the system is given a fixed, finite input (i.e., a step ), then any resulting oscillations in the output will decay at an exponential rate , and the output will tend ...
Stable polynomials arise in control theory and in mathematical theory of differential and difference equations. A linear, time-invariant system (see LTI system theory) is said to be BIBO stable if every bounded input produces bounded output. A linear system is BIBO stable if its characteristic polynomial is stable.
For increased stability and persistence in the bloodstream, gases with high molecular weight as well as low solubility in the blood are attractive candidates for microbubble gas cores. [5] Microbubbles may be used for drug delivery, [6] biofilm removal, [7] membrane cleaning [8] [9] /biofilm control and water/waste water treatment purposes. [10]