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The Oxford English Dictionary traces usage of 'radical' in a political context to 1783. [2] The Encyclopædia Britannica records the first political usage of 'radical' as ascribed to Charles James Fox, a British Whig Party parliamentarian who in 1797 proposed a 'radical reform' of the electoral system to provide universal manhood suffrage, thereby idiomatically establishing the term 'Radicals ...
In the BitTorrent file distribution system, a torrent file or meta-info file is a computer file that contains metadata about files and folders to be distributed, and usually also a list of the network locations of trackers, which are computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called swarms. [1]
Born in the first half of the eighteenth century, Bentham proved a conduit for Enlightenment ideas to reach nineteenth century Britain. [1] A disciple of Helvetius, [2] who saw all society as based on the wants and desires of the individual, [3] Bentham began with a belief in reform through enlightened despotism, before becoming a philosophical radical and supporter of universal suffrage.
Developing several sharp divergences from the tenets of canonical Marxist thought, the authors begin by tracing historically varied discursive constitutions of class, political identity, and social self-understanding, and then tie these to the contemporary importance of hegemony as a destabilized analytic which avoids the traps of various ...
Michael Neumann (born 1946) is a professor of philosophy at Trent University in Ontario, Canada. [1] He is the author of What's Left?Radical Politics and the Radical Psyche (1988), The Rule of Law: Politicizing Ethics (2002) and The Case Against Israel (2005), and has published papers on utilitarianism and rationality.
Radical centrism, also called the radical center, the radical centre, and the radical middle, is a concept that arose in Western nations in the late 20th century. The radical in the term refers to a willingness on the part of most radical centrists to call for fundamental reform of institutions. [ 1 ]
[1] [2] This ideology is commonly referred to as "radicalism" but is sometimes referred to as radical liberalism, [3] or classical radicalism, [4] to distinguish it from radical politics. Its earliest beginnings are to be found during the English Civil War with the Levellers and later the Radical Whigs.
Radical democracy is a type of democracy that advocates the radical extension of equality and liberty. [1] Radical democracy is concerned with a radical extension of equality and freedom , following the idea that democracy is an unfinished, inclusive, continuous and reflexive process.