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Diphenoxylate/atropine, also known as co-phenotrope and sold under the brand name Lomotil among others, is used to treat diarrhea. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a fixed-dose combination of the medications diphenoxylate , as the hydrochloride, an antidiarrheal ; and atropine , as the sulfate, an anticholinergic . [ 1 ]
Topiramate itself is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and induces CYP3A4; a decrease in plasma levels of estrogens and digoxin has been noted during topiramate therapy. This can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives (birth control pills); use of alternative birth control methods is recommended. [ 55 ]
Diphenoxylate is used to treat diarrhea in adults; it is only available as a combination drug with a subtherapeutic dose of atropine to prevent abuse. [2] It should not be used in children due to the risk of respiratory depression. [2] It does not appear harmful to a fetus but the risks have not been fully explored. [2]
This combination medication should not be confused with Lomotil (2.5 mg diphenoxylate and 0.025 mg atropine – a Schedule V combination), because the active ingredients in the two medications are different compounds, except for the inclusion of atropine. Motofen is approximately 2 to 4 times more effective in treating symptoms than Lomotil. [1]
Prescribed daily dose (PDD) is the usual dose of medication calculated by looking at a group of prescriptions for the medication in question. [1] At times the PDD needs to be related to the condition being treated .
If one compared cost per unit (daily tablet) then rosuvastatin was instead 24% cheaper than atorvastatin ($1.44 vs $1.90), and if one compares cost per RDD (recorded daily dose) then rosuvastatin was 26% cheaper than atorvastatin ($1.43 vs $1.93).
Continuing the maintenance dose for about 4 to 5 half-lives (t 1/2) of the drug will approximate the steady state level. [1] One or more doses higher than the maintenance dose can be given together at the beginning of therapy with a loading dose. [2] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly ...
Phentermine and topiramate can cause fetal harm. Data from pregnancy registries and epidemiology studies indicate that a fetus exposed to topiramate in the first trimester of pregnancy has an increased risk of oral clefts (cleft lip with or without cleft palate). [3]