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The Centor criteria are a set of criteria which may be used to identify the likelihood of a bacterial infection in patients complaining of a sore throat. They were developed as a method to quickly diagnose the presence of Group A streptococcal infection or diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in "adult patients who presented to an urban emergency room complaining of a sore throat."
Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as streptococcal sore throat (strep throat), is pharyngitis (an infection of the pharynx, the back of the throat) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus. [9] [10] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front
Other symptoms include a metallic taste, throat closing or tightening, coughing fits, itchy throat, and choking. Larger tonsil stones may cause recurrent bad breath, which frequently accompanies a tonsil infection, sore throat , white debris, a bad taste in the back of the throat, difficulty swallowing, ear ache , and tonsil swelling. [ 12 ]
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat.It can be acute or chronic. [8] [9] [2] Acute tonsillitis typically has a rapid onset. [10]Symptoms may include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes around the neck.
“A sore throat from the flu is often quite abrupt and usually is associated with body aches, fevers and headaches,” Dr. Schweig says of yet another illness that can cause a sore throat.
Sore or scratchy throat can temporarily be relieved by gargling a solution of 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon (1.3 to 2.5 milliliters) salt dissolved in an 8-US-fluid-ounce (240 ml) glass of water. [ 9 ] Pain medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol (acetaminophen) help in the management of pain .
This medicine does not effectively treat a viral infection like sore throats, influenza, bronchitis, sinusitis and common respiratory tract infections. [15] [16] This is because antibiotics were developed to target features of bacteria that are not present in viruses, and so antibiotics are ineffective as antiviral agents. [17] [18]
Throat swab. Differentiating a viral and a bacterial cause of a sore throat based on symptoms alone is difficult. [29] Thus, a throat swab often is done to rule out a bacterial cause. [30] The modified Centor criteria may be used to determine the management of people with pharyngitis. Based on five clinical criteria, it indicates the ...